整體而言,「山上寶訓」為馬太福音有別於其它福音書的特色之一。
教會傳統將太5:3–7:27這段耶穌的訓言,按太5:1「耶穌……上了山」的描述,稱為「山上寶訓」。四福音中,與此處類似的耶穌訓言集,僅見於路6:20-49,該處教會傳統按路6:17「耶穌……下了山,站在一塊平地上」,稱為「平原寶訓」。
「山上寶訓」雖與「平原寶訓」有着類似的開頭(均談到「……有福了!因為……」,對照太5:1-12與路6:20-23)與結尾(均談到「兩種果樹」與「兩種根基」,對照太7:16-20,24-27與路6:43-49),但篇幅卻遠長於「平原寶訓」(「山上寶訓」為107節,「平原寶訓」為30節)。「山上寶訓」包含了「平原寶訓」絕大多數的內容(除路6:24-26外),剩下的部分,有些可見於路加福音「平原寶訓」以外的內容當中(見路11:2-4,9-13,34-36; 12:22-31,33-34; 13:24-27; 14:34-35; 16:13,18),但亦有一些為馬太福音所獨有(太5:17-30,33-37; 6:1-8,16-18)。
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